[轉貼]英語的起承轉合~很有用喔...尤其是作文
[sell=2]語氣轉承詞
語氣轉承詞是連繫意念的字，有助於增加文章的連貫性。轉承詞以兩種重要的方式來增加連貫性；首先，轉承詞有助於該段文字自身間的連貫性，這時轉承詞安置於句間，以使前一句與次一句的語意流暢。其次，轉承詞有助於段落間的連繫，置於段首的轉承詞，將前段所討論的意念順暢地過場到次一段，做進一步的申論。
以下，就轉承詞的功能區分為十二種。學習者應記住不同轉承詞的功能，並就各大項中重要者熟背幾個，將來段落寫作時就可派上用場，以增加文章之流暢，以下是十二種轉承詞，分別用來表示：
一、解釋( to explain )
1. now現在；那麼（表示轉變話題、要求、安慰、警告、解釋、驚異等，通常置於句首並加逗點） 2. in addition而且；此外 3. in this case在這種情況下 4. in fact其實；實際上 5. for this reason因為這個緣故
例句：1.Now, follow the directions carefully.
2.In addition, there are two museums in the city.
3.The problem, in this case, is hard to solve.
二、強調( to emphasize )
1. certainly確實地 2. indeed確實地 3. surely確實地 4. above all尤其；最重要者 5. most important ( of all )最重要的是
例句：1.Certainly the vacation was fun.
2.Indeed, no man is an island.諺語：人不能離群索居。
3.Above all, avoid swimming alone in strange waters.(陌生的水域)
三、舉例( to illustrate )
1. for example例如 2. for instance例如 3. thus就這樣 4. next其次；然後 5. namely那就是 6. that is那就是 7. in other words換言之 8. that is to say換言之；那就是說 9. in particular尤其；特別 10. particularly尤其 11. especially特別地；主要地
例句：1.A good speech, for example, should be as short as a skirt.
2.For instance, light travels faster than sound.
3.Next, think of the courses you want to take.
四、增加或附屬( to add )
1. in addition而且；此外 2. furthermore而且；更有甚者 3. also也；而且 4. moreover而且；更有甚者 5. again而且 6. and而且 7. besides而且 8. in addition to除．．．之外 9. what's more而且
例句：1.In addition, the tour stops in Tokyo.
2.furthermore, he is too old to do that.
3.Also, she asked for some money.
五、比較( to compare )尤其是相同性質的比較
1. like像 2. likewise同樣地 3. in the same way同樣地 4. similarly同樣地 5. too也 6.equally important同樣重要地
例句：1.Like Peter, Tom is a good swimmer.
2.In the same way, we look for a good doctor.
3.The car uses less fuel. Equally important, the car drives ninety miles per hour.
六、對比關係或相反的意思( to contrast )
1. unlike不像 2. in contrast相反地 3. on the other hand另一方面 4. for another thing另一方面 5. on the contrary相反地 6. instead代替；更換；反而 7. but然而；但是 8. instead of代替；不．．．而 9. nevertheless然而 10. however然而 11. still然而 12. yet然而 13. after all畢竟 14. in spite of雖然 15. despite雖然
例句：1.Unlike Tom, John is brave.
2.In contrast, they took to the streets.相反地，他們走上街頭。
3.Instead, the new law caused many problems.
七、讓步( to concede )
1. although雖然 2. nevertheless然而 3. of course當然 4. clearly確實地 5. naturally自然地 6. perhaps或許
例句：1.Although she ran after the train, it left without her.
2.He planned, nevertheless, to ask for our help.
3.Clearly, a garden needs a lot of care.
八、結果( to state a consequence )
1. therefore 2. consequently 3. as a result 4. thus 5. accordingly 6. hence以上皆表「因此」，「所以」，「結果」 7. so所以；因此
例句：1.They hoped, therefore, to be respected.
2.Consequently, we opened an account at the bank.
3.Accordingly, she gave up her original plan.
九、綜合；總結( to sum up )
1. to sum up 2. to summarize 3. to conclude 4. in sum ( in summary )5. in conclusion以上皆表「總之」 6. in brief 7. in short 8. in a word 9. to be short 10. in a nutshell以上皆表「簡言之」 11. by and large一般來說 12. finally最後 13. in general一般而言 14. on the whole整個來說 15. generally speaking大體而言；一般而論
例句：1.To conclude, Chinese New Year is the most important holiday.
2.In summary, recreation is a big business.
3.I will tell it in a nutshell.
十、時間關係( to state sequence of time )
1. after a long time ( after a short time )過了很久，過了不久 2. after a long absence過了很久 3. presently目前 4. meanwhile同時 5. after a while一陣子之後 6. once曾經；一度 7. since then自從那時起 8. at the same time同時 9. temporarily暫時地 10. later稍晚 11. afterward後來 12. thereafter其後 13. lately最近；近來 14. sooner or later早晚
例句：1.They met after a long absence.
2.Meanwhile, they were at war with their enemy.
3.Thereafter, they never met again.
十一、順序、列舉或思想的延續( to state order )
1. first首先 2. in this manner ( in this way )就這樣 3. first of all首先 4. in the same way同樣地 5. second其次 6. third第三 7. in the first place首先 8. then然後 9. next下一個 10. again再次 11. finally最後；終於 12. eventually終於 13. by the way順便一提 14. incidentally附帶地；順便一提
例句：1.First of all, jogging makes the heart stronger.
2.Eventually, they came to an agreement.
3.Incidentally, medical supplies will be sent here next Monday.
十二、方向( to state directions )
1. below在．．．下面 2. next to在．．．的旁邊 3. beyond超越；越過 4. on the ( my, your, etc. ) right在．．．右邊 5. further更遠處 6. on the left在左邊 7. here這裡 8. nearby在附近 9. opposite to在．．．對面
例句：1.Next to the national cemetery, there was an old church.
2.On my right lies the beautiful river.
3.Opposite to their building, there was an elm tree.
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[ 本帖最後由 brucenien 於 2006-10-1 11:23 編輯 ]
